The Place of Humanities in University Studies :: essays research papers

The Place of Humanities in University Studies This is NOT an essay - it is a collection of notes which are the foundation of an 800 word comparison of two articles regarding the place of humanities in university studies, and the roles of mass communication.Part 1 (800 words - 30%)You will be given two short readings by the end of Week 3 of the Semester. Identify the approach or approaches used in each, and with reference to the features and examples of the identified approaches as presented in Subject materials, justify your answer.Andrew Riemer's article, "Cannon or Fodder?" (The Weekend Australian, 16-17 November 1996) can be identified as having both Idealist and Leavisite approaches within the text. This is indicated in several passages of the text:"My colleagues in the Department of English were irresponsible...They were trivialising the discipline...by allowing undergraduates to sidestep the so-called canonical writers...in favour of whatever transient phenom enon or writer of small talent happened to be their latest obsession.""They were reprehensible ... in encouraging their students to impose simple sub-Marxist, sub-feminist templates on complex and mysterious works of literature ... Milton's Eve reduced to a mere victim of the patriarchy.""Alluring though it might be, we cannot recover intellectual integrity by turning back the clock.""Cannon or Fodder?" (The Weekend Australian, 16-17 November 1996)When looking at the approaches as they are presented in the Subject Materials, one is able to identify them as clearly being both Idealistic and Leavisite. Our Subject Book indicates that the Idealistic view of culture has been "conceived in the humanities and in journalism and popular social commentary ... a realm of moral, spiritual and aesthetic values which exist largely independent and above society". Further, this view states Culture was isolated from society - autonomous because it had to be abstracted from one way of life (pre-industrial) and then transmitted and extended to another (allegedly inferior) way of life to 'save' that society.The Leavisite concept of culture is still common and is firmly bound up in the theory of mass society and mass culture.Mass communications are seen to hold a crucial and privileged place in mass society, taking over the role of creating and distributing the values and information common to a society.Mass culture, unlike high culture, is unable to transcend its time and place and offer any kind of lasting truth to its audiences and, at worst, positively damages them.

E-Commerce Revenue Model

E-Commerce revenue models specifically describe different techniques used in generating income from the publisher's websites. As the e-commerce progress, the traditional revenue model of sales is expanded to more variety of revenue options and e-commerce business model. All of the large-scale hotel such as Shangri-La, Sheraton Seoul D-Cube City Hotel and others are more focus on e-commerce revenue models in order generate revenues from multiple income streams.Thus, all of these hotels were successful to use the e-commerce as a marketing strategy to increasing their customers. For the purpose to become a large scale hotel, Cube Hotel required to planning the e-commerce revenue as good as possible. With e-commerce, we can start a website and engage in the selling of our services, via the Internet. All online companies generate revenues from multiple income streams such as advertising, subscription, affiliate marketing.Consequently, we would like to discuss different of e-commerce reven ue model which can implemented on the internet in order to earn revenue, produce profits, and produce a superior return on invested capital. First of all, Cube Hotel can generate revenue from sales revenue model. Sales model is sales of goods, merchandise information and services provided in the publishers' websites. Sales model is one of the revenue models that more suitable for our hotel to earn profits. We sell our own service directly without any third parties in transaction process.We must efficiency to introduce our hotel in website in order to easier our customers to booking without third parties and could make decision to booking any rooms without any complex process. Our hotel website should not be looks outdated compared to the competition because we need to use our website to attract more customers to launch its. Hence, we must create a window to our business that highlights the difference between our and our competitors. For example, our website must full of contents suc h as upload new information, photo of our hotel environment, catalogue and others.This is because appealing content causes a site to be â€Å"sticky† – meaning that it keeps visitors clicking on links within our site, staying at our site instead of getting bored or dissatisfied, and going to another site. We do not same others companies who used e-marketplaces such as e-bay, Google, amazon. com to sell their own products or services indirectly. For example, Dell. com is generating sales revenue from its notebooks, Amazon. com is selling books, ABC Consultant may be generating income from their consultancy services online.Besides that, our revenue will increase in the future because our website gives customers the ability to preview our services before making a purchase. Services online may benefits for our customers because they can save their time to online booking, get new information about our hotel and may more understand our hotel in different perspective. Thus, c ustomers would choose online services rather than go to the physical storefront to purchase. Consequently, this sales strategy and program will be very profitable for Cube Hotel to earn based on the sale price.A major percentage of Cube Hotel also can generate by the Internet marketing. Internet marketing, also known as web marketing, online marketing, web advertising, or e-marketing, is referred to as the marketing of products or services over the Internet. Internet marketing is considered to be broad in scope because it not only refers to marketing on the Internet, but also includes marketing done via e-mail and wireless media. Internet marketing ties together the creative and technical aspects of the Internet, including design, development, advertising and sales.Cube Hotel can use internet marketing because we able to captures a wide range of customer information. Each time a visitor accesses a website they leave an information trail that includes how they got to the site, how th ey navigated through the site, what they clicked on, what was purchased, and loads of other information. We may know our customers need when they give comment to our hotel. Thus, knowing a customer's behavior and preferences opens up tremendous opportunities to cater to customer's needs and, if done correctly, the customer will respond with a long-lasting loyalty.Another most important reason why our hotel needs to have an active Internet marketing strategy is because of the transformation that has occurred in how customers seek information. While customers still visit to our hotel or look through magazines, and talk to friends to gather product information, an ever-increasing number of customers turn to the Internet as their primary knowledge source. Consequently, internet marketing is its reach ability of internet around the globe and its mass appeal. No other traditional media such as print and broadcasting can reach that number of population and if does that, it can`t attain tha t pace of reach.Through Internet marketing, targeting is possible with accuracy and efficiency. It gives us options to target customers with various available choices mainly depending upon their demographic, age, interests and need. In conclusion, no business can exist without top line revenues from sales, no matter how well the other functions are handled. Our business plan must detail how our plan to price and sell our services, and how much money we plan to make. The basics should cover three broad aspects: our selling tactics, our revenue model, and our sales cycle.

Smartphones Comparison - 822 Words

Hien Tran Instructor john Level 5 Reading/composition April 8, 2012 Smartphones comparison Today with the development of technology we can own many cell phones or smartphones that are very modern and have many functions. I’m looking for a smartphone that I feel that phone is suitable for me. I consider 2 smartphones I choose. It’s the Apple iPhone 4S and the Samsung Galaxy S II. We will compare some features both of them such as: design, screen, processor and operating system so that I can choose a smartphones for me. The first thing I want compare the Apple iPhone 4S and the Samsung Galaxy S II are the designs of it. The Samsung Galaxy 2 weighs just 116g, and its dimension is 125x66x8 mm. The Apple iPhone 4s weighs 125g, and its†¦show more content†¦About the technology acknowledge Siri voice control software is an important point on IOS. As of now, the experts claim iOS 5 has learning all the best things of Android and added to its user interface. It can be said, both the iPhone 4S and the Galaxy S II have great technology in every feature. However, if we compare more severely, the Galaxy S II is marginally better than the iPhone 4S. The dual-core A5 chip in the iPhone 4S is really groundbreaking, but nothing compares with the touch screen of the Galaxy S II. Or more people would have beloved IOS than Android, simply because intelligent assistant Siri. For me, after comparing in a general way I feel more like choosing the Samsung Galaxy S II than the Apple iPhone 4SShow MoreRelatedComparison of the 4 Main Smartphone Operating Systems16546 Words   |  67 PagesFinal Project Report Student Name: Cy Gabriel Module Code: 6MM006 Module Name: Individual Project Project Title: Comparison of smartphones operating systems such as Apple s iOS, Google s Android OS, Microsoft s Windows Phone OS, and RIM s BlackBerry OS. Module Leader Name: D.I. Beardsmore Supervisor Name: Cheong Teck Kee Submission Date: 25TH May 2012 Award Title: Bsc Computing Department: School of Computing and Information Technology Declaration PresentedRead MoreTechnology That Supports The Hardware Side Of The Adjacent Market1565 Words   |  7 Pageswith the world, was primarily laptops, desktops for emails, web browsing, chat and e-commerce. Starting around early 2008, there was gradual shift towards tablets and smartphones. Critical question to probe and understand is what elements of the environment drove this structural shift. From a technology perspective tablets and smartphones use low powered CPU’s and RAM compare to their laptops and desktops brethren. They use both Wi-Fi and Cellular antenna to connect to World Wide Web. Cellular serviceRead MoreAdaptation Of Smartphone Application Into Restaurant Business1348 Words   |  6 Pageson Adaptation of Smartphone Application into Restaurant Business in Edinburgh By [Name of Student] [Student Number] To [Name of Supervisor] Under [Course Name] [Course Number] For completion of [Name of Degree] At [Name of Department] [Name of Institution] â€Æ' TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 4 Background of the Study 4 Problem Statement 5 Research Questions 6 Methods and Procedures 6 Limitations 6 References 7 â€Æ' Abstract This research discussed the adaptation of Smartphone application intoRead MoreNokia and Smartphone Marketing Plan946 Words   |  4 PagesThe article I have chosen reports that with the launch of a new range of smartphones, Nokia is also effectively changing its approach to marketing. The company is moving away from more traditional marketing like advertising in print media and shifting towards advertisements through social media and digital campaigns. This allows Nokia to place a greater emphasis on collaborating with its customers through its marketing communication channels. In doing so, Nokia hopes to be able to rival dominantRead MoreMobile commerce or m commerce is a solution to make things nice and simpler. More as a ubiquitous600 Words   |  3 PagesMobile companies and manufacturers then required to research and develop the already existing mobile phones to WAP enabled smartphones, smartphones offering email and fax services in cooperation with carriers like ATT Wireless. With the advent of iPhone Smartphones m commerce revolutionized from SMS services to application actually done in phones. Mobile phones and smartphones are at its demand and cheap availability, mobile internet connectivity, there was a gradual shift from e-shopping to mobileRead MoreIphones Vs. Apple Inc.986 Words   |  4 Pagesin real life, and my own iPhone 5C is no exception. From its plastic colored backing designed and advertised specifically for â€Å"the colorful† to the weight of the phone, the iPhone 5C took a different route than Apple’s previous generations of smartphones. Compared with the iPhone 5, 5S, and other companies’ phones released during 2012 and 2013, the 5C gave up Apple’s usual design element of sleekness for individuality by including a colored backing that came in five colors. These were used to giveRead MorePorter s Competitive Strategy Analysis990 Words   |  4 Pagesbarrier to entry that will secure their positions at the top in the cell phone market. You are able to see the growth of both of the main competitors (Samsung and Apple) in comparison to the rest of the market in the following market share chart (Kahn). http://9to5mac.com/2012/05/01/idc-samsung-takes-top-smartphone-marketshare-in-q1-as-apple-hits-8-8-high-of-total-mobile-phone-market/ Cost leadership is a huge component of the cell phone industry, since all smart phones basically haveRead MoreEssay on Samsung 5forces1418 Words   |  6 Pagesmake mobile phones; semiconductors and the operating systems (OS) which companies use will be mainly discussed because these factors have an effect on the function of a mobile phone. Therefore this essay analyses Samsungs strategic position in comparison with Apple and Nokias. The threat of new entry. The mobile phone industry needs high capital requirements to produce a large volume of products(Husso, 2011). According to Porter (1996), the more capital that is required, the higher the entryRead MoreThe Iphone 6 And The Ipad 6925 Words   |  4 Pagesoverly concerned with keeping up with the newest and hottest gadgets on the market. Like the majority of Americans, I never leave the house without my smartphone. People have become reliant upon their phones as a form of communication, navigation, entertainment and much more. September 2014, Apple CEO Tim Cook released two new, advanced smartphones, the iPhone 6 and the iPhone 6 Plus. Apple fanatics, including myself, had been anticipating the launch of the new phones for months. Several hardcoreRead MoreMobile Operating Systems1268 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Over the past decade, smartphones have taken the world by storm and recently, tablets have entered into the arena as well. These mobile devices are having a significant impact on our lives and are in fact redefining the way we access information and communicate with others. This is due to not only the hardware but the specialized software that these devices run and most importantly, their operating systems. Just like a PC can run different operating systems (like Windows, Linux, BSD

My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing - 1081 Words

Running head: PERSONAL PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING 1 PERSONAL PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING 6 Personal Philosophy of Nursing Caroline Thiongo BSN V Millers College of Nursing Abstract This paper explores my personal nursing philosophy that I will convey in my career of nursing. It is my belief that nursing is a commitment to public service and a desire to help those in need. Nursing is a discipline of knowledge acquired both through formal education and through life experiences. The sum of these parts continues to refine my nursing practice. Nursing is focused on the delivery of quality individualized patient care, that meets each patient needs holistically as opposed to treating an illness. My nursing philosophy incorporates the knowledge of medicine as well as compassionate care that respects each patient dignity and values. I believe that the collaboration among healthcare professionals promotes quality patient care and is a crucial aspect of nursing. I also believe in nursing that strives to maintain a healthy community through health promotion. Personal Philosophy of Nursing It has been my long time desire to care for those in need since I was a little girl. This desire led me in to the career choice of nursing. My personal nursing attitude that is centered on compassion and service makes me feel most fulfilled while I?m serving and caring for those in need. My nursing philosophy focuses on empowering each patient through the delivery of holistic nursing care, while combining itShow MoreRelatedPersonal Nursing Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1475 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Philosophy of Nursing When one thinks of a nurse they often think of a caring, compassionate, knowledgeable individual. They don’t often think that every nurse comes from different situation, past experiences, and life changing events that make nurses who he or she is. Everyone on this earth is unique and has something to contribute. The same goes for patients. Each patient has a different background and have different interests which make them who they are. In order to give the optimalRead MorePersonal Nursing Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1190 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Philosophy of Nursing Megan A. Farrell Moberly Area Community College Introduction I, Megan Farrell, am currently a Licensed Practical Nurse at a treatment center that works with prisoners. I accepted a clinical positon here as a graduate, but plan to work in a hospital setting once I have become a Registered Nurse working in the Intensive Care Unit. I quickly worked my way up the latter from the clinic nurse to the Chronic Care nurse and I am quite passionate about furtherRead MoreMy Nursing Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1093 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy is a distinct disciple on its own right, and all disciplines can claim their own philosophical bases that form guidelines for their goal† (Meleis, 2012, p. 28). In simpler terms, philosophy is your worldview and thought process of life. Our philosophy transcends into our beliefs and values’, examining our philosophy allows us to discover what is important to us and helps define priorities and goals (Meleis, 2012, p.28). Being aware of our philosophy creates individuality in each personRead MoreNursing Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing932 Words   |  4 PagesMy Philosophy of Nursing My personal philosophy of nursing began at an early age watching my mother volunteer for 25 years on the local rescue squad, following in the footsteps of her mother. I learned that helping others in a time of need should always be a priority. Respect and dignity should always be shown to people, no matter the who they are or where they are from. I have and will continue to show compassion for others while administering professional holistic care, guided by the AmericanRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1304 Words   |  6 PagesMy Personal Nursing Philosophy A nursing philosophy is concepts or values that a nurse embraces within his/her practice and allows these concepts and values to shape the way he/she practices nursing and drives the purpose of their nursing care. It is important for each nurse to develop his/her philosophy of nursing to be a purpose driven nurse. Each nurse will have his/her own nurse philosophy because each believes differently. Nursing philosophies might come from different understandings butRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1053 Words   |  5 PagesThis aforementioned are the podium upon which the value and philosophies of the success of each profession is based. These philosophies and values do not operate in a vacuum. They influence the way which professionals carry out their day to day activities for maximum success. Consequently, Nursing and Nurses are not immune to the great influence of values and philosophies, be it at personal or corporate levels. This is because, nursing as a profession d eals with the constant interaction with patients;Read MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing949 Words   |  4 PagesMy Personal Philosophy of Nursing My inspiration to pursue a career in Nursing began at a young age, after reading the biography of Florence Nightingale. I was in middle school, and intrigued at her courage, and dedication to care for the sick. As I entered college, and into a formal nursing education program, I still viewed nursing as, the care provided to another in need. Without my knowing, I was developing a philosophy of nursing for myself. As the years passed, I began to realize that nursingRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1676 Words   |  7 Pagesfamous philosophies and a personal nursing philosophy is presented, including the personal definitions of the four phenomena of nursing namely person, environment, health, and nursing. The said philosophy will then be compared to other professionally-acclaimed philosophies. Included in the discussion is the importance of a nurse’s role in providing health care to persons, family, and the society and how it is able to address problems in the face of cultural and spiritual differences. Personal PhilosophyRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1330 Words   |  6 PagesMy Personal Philosophy of Nursing The purpose of this essay is to depict the personal philosophy of nursing and any future aspirations I have acquired in my first semester of nursing school. Before I can create my own philosophy of nursing, I must first understand and define what philosophy is and how it relates to nursing. According to  the Oxford Dictionary, philosophy is â€Å"the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline†Read MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1289 Words   |  6 Pagesalways been my driving force in life and my approach to nursing. This paper aims at talking about my personal philosophy of nursing; a profession I am looking forward to. First, I will base my personal philosophy of nursing on four of the nursing theorists who have added more meaning to my understanding and appreciation of the profession. I will equally mention the driving philosophy of the Santa Fe Community College Nursing Department. According to the American Nurses Association, â€Å"Nursing is the protection

Health Case Study - 1196 Words

Paul is a sixty-four-year-old Caucasian male. He was an exceptional athlete in high school and college where he participated in football, baseball, and track. Paul is socioeconomically middle-class which allows his wife to work part-time. He has been married for forty years, raised four children, and is now enjoying the ability to participate in raising his six grandchildren. Paul recently retired and spends his free time with leisure activities, but primarily he loves to bicycle long distances. He said that he took up bicycling about twenty-five years ago, because it was less stress on the joints than the running he used to do. He knew of the toll taken on his knees from the days of sports involving running, and he has history of†¦show more content†¦For this reason, cartilage must be elastic in composition so that shape can be maintained while still having the potential to stretch (Kumar et al, 2015). Chondrocytes not only secrete type II collagens and proteoglycans that are responsible for these attributes, but the matrix responsible for degradation and replacement of cartilage (Kumar et al, 2015). Pathogenesis Osteoarthritis is characterized by changes in the composition and mechanical properties of articular cartilage (Kumar et al, 2015). During early manifestation, there is increased water and diminished levels of proteoglycans when compared to unaffected cartilage (Kumar et al, 2015). The collagen network becomes weakened due to diminished levels of type II collagens and preexisting collagen breaks down faster than it is replaced (Kumar et al, 2015). Osteoarthritic cartilage is also marked by an increase in specific molecular messengers, including Interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and nitric oxide that are responsible for changes in cartilage composition (Kumar et al, 2015). With the reduction in number of chondrocytes, new cartilage cannot be replaced at a rate sufficient to meet the rate of apoptosis occurring in the joint (Kumar et al, 2015). The combination of these factors influences the elasticity and density of theShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Health Risk And Sport Participation1661 Words   |  7 PagesCase Analysis 8.10: Health Risk and Sport Participation The following is a case study analysis on Case 8:10 Health Risk and Sport Participation. This particular case involves five individuals, all of which are employed and or playing for the athletic department at BTU University. One of the individuals in this case is star BTU football linebacker A.B. Another individual is BTU Head Football Coach J.M. In addition to A.B and J.M, the other individuals associated with this particular case are theRead MoreMat 510 Case Study Statistical Thinking in Health Care1037 Words   |  5 PagesMAT 510 Case Study Statistical Thinking in Health Care Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/mat-510-case-study-statistical-thinking-in-health-care/ Week 4 Case Study 1 - Submit here Students, please view the Submit a Clickable Rubric Assignment in the Student Center. Instructors, training on how to grade is within the Instructor Center. Case Study 1: Statistical Thinking in Health Care Due Week 4 and worth 150 points Read the following case study. Read MoreEssay about Mat 510 Case Study Statistical Thinking in Health Care1040 Words   |  5 PagesMAT 510 Case Study Statistical Thinking in Health Care Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/mat-510-case-study-statistical-thinking-in-health-care/ Week 4 Case Study 1 - Submit here Students, please view the Submit a Clickable Rubric Assignment in the Student Center. Instructors, training on how to grade is within the Instructor Center. Case Study 1: Statistical Thinking in Health Care Due Week 4 and worth 150 points Read the following case study. Read MoreHealth Case Study1473 Words   |  6 Pageslosses in productivity are costly, draining â‚ ¬7088 per person from the economy (ibid). The average total cost of all individuals with personality disorders was estimated to be â‚ ¬11,126, with a range of â‚ ¬0 to â‚ ¬147,759 (Soeteman et al., 2008). Another study found that those exposed to the famine in-utero demonstrated a significantly lower probability of employment (prior to the age of 55, to account for retirement) when compared to controls born near the same time, but not exposed to the famine (ScholteRead MoreHealth Case Study1230 Words   |  5 Pagesareas specified by the Secretary ââ€"  Secretary required to conduct a study on the utilization and expenditures for telehealth services and submit to Congress by 2026 ââ€"  Two side ACOs can expand telehealth services on/after Jan. 1, 2020 for Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries with the following allowances ââ€"‹ Includes home as an eligible originating site ââ€"‹ Eliminates requirement that the originating site be located in a rural health professional shortage area or non-MSA Impact on Zipnosis: RemovesRead MoreCase Study : Health Organization Case Study1077 Words   |  5 Pages Health Organization Case Study Francisca Ogu Grand Canyon University December 5, 2015 Health Organization Case Study UNITHEDHEALTH. There are various healthcare plans available today for consumers to choose from, which will be suitable for their individual needs, choices and budget. Due to the heightened demand of health care consumers, healthcare organizations continue to emerge in order to meet up with this increased need. This paper is focused on the UnitedHealth Care Group and addressesRead MoreHealth Case Study1271 Words   |  6 Pagesreproduction, menopausal status, lifestyle, medical history, family cancer history2. In order to assess the daily intake of vitamin D among all participants, the researchers developed a 31-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Cases were expected to assess their diet a year before diagnosis. On the other hand, controls were given one year before their interview to become a participant. In terms of the FFQ, there were 7 responses to be made, which was to be determined by â€Å"never†Read MoreHealth Case Study875 Words   |  4 Pagesdisease usually appears is not prepped for the rapid treatment and management of many of these cases. The patients are hypovolemic, vomiting, require constant aid to prevent hyper-perfusion of the organs and all the while require PPE (Bah et al., 2015). Not only is this strenuous on any health-care personnel, it requires intense staffing, education, and proper screening methods that will target and isolate cases as they appear. The most important intervention here for survival is rehydration using anti-emeticsRead MoreEssay on Article Analysis: Infection Control in Home Care1219 Words   |  5 Pagesinfectious disease and their risk. In addition, the author has also stated the development of prevention strategies (Rhinehart, 2001). Research Question/Problem This research study is based on a particular problem effective control measurement for home care. The researcher has developed some research questions to conduct the research study effectively. The research questions are as followed: ïÆ'Ëœ How can we provide high-tech home care to the patience? ïÆ'Ëœ What are strategies to Infection Surveillance, PreventionRead MoreEssay on Unit 205 Duty of Care771 Words   |  4 PagesHealth and Social Care Assignment UNIT 5 - INTRODUCTION TO DUTY OF CARE IN HEALTH, SOCIAL CARE OR CHILDREN’S AND YOUNG PEOPLE’S SETTINGS ASSIGNMENT OVERVIEW In this assignment, you will demonstrate your understanding of what is meant by the term ‘duty of care’. You will consider the types of dilemma that you may arise in adult social care work, and find out where to get advice and support to handle these. You will look at how to respond to complaints, making sure you know and follow agreed procedures

The World’s Most Understood Crop Industrial Hemp and Its Economic Benefits Free Essays

Ms. Bonner English 290 16 December 2011 The World’s Most Understood Crop: Industrial Hemp and its Economic Benefits When most people hear the word hemp the first thing that comes to mind is marijuana. While hemp and marijuana are of the same plant species, Cannabis Sativa, they are different plants with their own chemical makeup. We will write a custom essay sample on The World’s Most Understood Crop: Industrial Hemp and Its Economic Benefits or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hemp has been known as one of the world’s greatest agricultural crops of all time with a wide variety of uses. Unfortunately the United States still sees hemp as drug and the manufacturing of hemp is still illegal today. The United States is outlawing one of the most economically beneficial and functional crops of all times because of its cousin marijuana. Hemp was the world’s greatest agricultural crop for more than 1000 years before Christ until 1883 AD (Herer). The manufacturing and cultivation of hemp has been used for thousands of products and many different industries including producing a majority of the world’s fabric, fiber, oil, paper, and even food. The earliest known fabric was made of hemp around 8000 BC (Herer). Ninety percent of all ships’ sails from at least the fifth century BC until long after the invention of the steam engines in the mid- to late-19th century were made from hemp (Herer). Many of the ships’ logs, maps, and charts were made on hemp paper from the time of Columbus to the early 1900s (Herer). In the first century AD, the Chinese found that hemp paper lasted 50 to 100 times longer than most preparations of papyrus and that it was 100 times easier and cheaper to make (Herer). Eighty percent of all humankind’s textiles and fabrics for clothes, tents, linens, rugs, drapes, quilts, bed sheets, towels and diapers were made principally from cannabis fibers in much of the world until the 20th century (Herer). Presidents Washington and Jefferson both grew hemp and Americans were even legally bound to grow during the Colonial Era and Early Republic (Hemp Facts). With all these uses for hemp, from almost the beginning of the known world, why would hemp be illegal today? Marijuana and industrial hemp come from the same species of plant, Cannabis Sativa. The species can yield two different plants, marijuana and industrial hemp. Comparing marijuana and industrial hemp is like comparing field corn and sweet corn. While they are both from the same species, the chemical makeup and final product is very different. Cannabis produces two major cannabinoids-THC (delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol) (West, Hemp and Marijuana). THC is the one responsible for the psychoactive effect that you get from smoking marijuana. CBD, on the other hand, has been found to block the effect of THC in the nervous system (West, Hemp and Marijuana). Marijuana usually contains 3 to 15 percent THC, while industrial hemp being grown normally contains less than 1 percent THC (Industrial Hemp in the United States). Many people believe that if industrial hemp was allowed to be grown that many people would still try and smoke it, but if one was to smoke industrial hemp, which is high in CBD and low in THC, it would actually counter act the THC and block the effect of a marijuana high. This shows that not only is hemp not marijuana but could possibly even be called â€Å"anti-marijuana. Even with this scientific information and the United States continues to outlaw the manufacturing of hemp. Other countries have recognized the difference between marijuana and industrial hemp. Current hemp varieties being grown in Canada and Europe are certified to have THC levels below 0. 3 percent (West, Hemp and Marijuana). The certification system was originally developed in Europe to allow for the commercialization of industrial hemp and takes into consideration the ratio of CBD to THC as well as the absolute percent THC (West, Hemp and Marijuana). The original THC threshold was 0. 8 percent. When varieties with lower levels of THC were developed by French breeders, the breeders were able to persuade the European Union to reduce the tolerance further (West, Hemp and Marijuana). In the United States, Cannabis with any measurable trace of THC is illegal, CBD concentration is not considered at all. The United States is outlawing this potentially economic beneficial crop with no just cause and they are completely overlooking all of its uses and benefits. The United States’ laws have not always treated marijuana and hemp the same. The 1937 Marijuana Tax Act outlawed marijuana. The 1937 Marihuana Tax Act defined marijuana as: â€Å"(A)ll parts of the plant Cannabis sativa L. , whether growing or not; the seeds thereof; the resin extracted from any such plant; and every compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of such plant, its seeds, or resin; but shall not include the mature stalks of such plant, fiber produced from such stalks, oil or cake made from the seeds of such plant, any other compound, manufacture salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of such mature stalks (except the resin xtracted there from), fiber, oil, or cake, or the sterilized seed of such plant which is incapable of germination. † The Act outlawed marijuana and punished people who grew it, without infringing on the rights of hemp growers. The act did not make hemp illegal but simply just put a tax on hemp. Dr. Andrew Wright, an agronomist with the University of Wisconsin’s Agriculture Experiment Stati on and steward of the Wisconsin hemp industry during the first half of the twentieth century, wrote in 1918, â€Å"There are three fairly distinct types of hemp: that grown for fiber, that for birdseed and oil, and that for drugs. (West, Hemp and Marijuana). This shows that even in the early 1900s, we knew and understood there being a difference between hemp and marijuana. However, in 1970, the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act repealed the Marihuana Tax Act and instead changed its definition: â€Å"The term ‘marihuana’ means all parts of the plant Cannabis sativa (L. ), whether growing or not, the seeds thereof, the resin extracted from any part of such plant; and every compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of such plant, its seeds or resin; . . † The key difference in this provision was that the 1937 Act used a system of taxation that allowed the government to punish the marijuana growers without punishing hemp grow ers. The 1970 Act abolished the taxation approach and effectively made all Cannabis cultivation illegal (West, Hemp and Marijuana). This act lumped marijuana and hemp into the same category. Why did the United States change their definition of the word and make hemp illegal? Why the United States changed its mind and decided to make hemp illegal is not really clear. There are not any definite answers. It could be that they realized that they couldn’t tax it anymore, the war on drugs, or that people that were growing hemp were abusing their rights and also growing marijuana. It is up for anyone to speculate on. The only thing that is clear by hemp being illegal is that the United States is ignoring the economic benefits and uses of one of the most functional crops of all times. Hemp has been used for a wide variety of products for almost 3000 years. Overall, hemp is the strongest, most durable, and longest lasting natural soft fiber on the planet, which makes its fabric longer lasting, tougher, cheaper, cooler, and more absorbent than cotton (Herer). Hemp seed can be pressed into a healthy oil, which contains the highest amount of essential fatty acids of all plants. The byproduct of the pressed hemp seeds can be baked into cakes, breads, and casseroles and contains high quality protein (Hemp Facts). Another use for hemp is that it can be made into fuel. Hemp is the Earth’s number one biomass resource, capable of producing 10 tons of biomass per acre in only four months (Hemp Facts). This biomass can be converted into methane, methanol, or gasoline at a cost very similar to the cost petroleum (Hemp Facts). It can also produce 10 times more methanol than corn (Hemp Facts). Since hemp is a natural plant, the use of hemp as a fuel makes it better for the environment. It does not add to global warming. Not only is hemp as a fuel better for the environment, but using hemp fiber for paper is also better for the environment. One acre of hemp produces as much fiber as 4. 1 acres of trees (Herer). While trees cut down to make paper usually take about 50 years to grow, hemp is ready to be harvested in about 120 days (Hemp Facts). Since hemp takes less time to be ready to be harvested and it can produce more fiber per acre, hemp could possibly be the answer to the deforestation problem. Only eight out of about one hundred known pests cause problem to the plant so hemp is normally grown without herbicides, fungicides, or pesticides (Hemp Facts). Hemp is also a natural weed suppressor due to the fast growth of the canopy causing a blockage of the sun that does not allow for the weeds to grow (Hemp Facts). All of these things make hemp a cheaper, more environmentally friendly crop. Hemp has been one of the most widely used crops, all around the world, for more than 3000 years. With hemps thousands of uses, it could possibly save our country in this time of deficit. However, the United States still refuses to recognize it has being a potential economically beneficial crop because of a plant of the same species. Works Citied â€Å"Hemp Facts. † HempUSA. org. HempUSA. org, 1 June 2009. Web. 27 Nov. 2011. Web Herer, Jack. â€Å"The Forgotten History of Hemp. † Earth Island Journal 5. 4 (1990): 35. EBSCOhost. Web. 12 Nov. 2011. Web Industrial Hemp in the United States: Status and Market Potential. Rep. no. AGES-ERSAGES001. Ers. usda. gov, Jan. 2000. Web. 25 Nov. 2011. Web West, David P. Hemp and Marijuana: Myths and Realities. Prescott, Wisconsin: North American Industrial Hemp Council, 27 Feb. 1998. PDF. How to cite The World’s Most Understood Crop: Industrial Hemp and Its Economic Benefits, Papers

To Kill a Mocking Bird Essay free essay sample

To Kill a Mocking Bird character is not determined by race or social standing but the qualities and traits from which the person possesses. Tom Robinson, Atticus and Boo Radely are portrayed to be the mocking birds in the book. Harper Lee shows that Tom Robinson is a major target of racism throughout his time in the book. Tom’s true character has been overthrown just from the color of his skin. People make decisions to treat Tom in an unfair way because of his race. An example of this is when Tom gets convicted of a fraud crime, which he clearly did not commit, just based on the color of his skin. Tom Robinson is an extremely caring man with many wonderful traits. He shows these things by helping Mayella Ewell when she asked for it, even though she is a Caucasian woman. People did not get a chance to realize how good a man Tom Robinson was before he was killed escaping from prison. We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill a Mocking Bird Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If Tom’s skin color were white he would have still been alive. That is why Harper Lee illustrates in the book that character should not be determined through race or social standing. Boo Radely plays a more mysterious role in the novel. Although he is yet another example of a character that is thought of more based on his social standing than his true character. Boo Radely only appears in the novel for a very brief amount of time, yet you learn a large amount about his character. This is a tactic that Harper Lee used to show how easily people can make an impression on someone based on social standings. For example, from continuously hearing different scary stories about Boo Radely without him being introduced, you begin to develop your own interpretation of his character. Yet your idea of his character dramatically changes when you come to find out that Boo saved Scout and Jem. You begin to realize that Boo is not a scary man but a very brave a courageous one for saving the children. This is a great example of creating a first impression of someone before you find his or her true character. Atticus Finch is a kind hearted and loving man who always stresses to do the right thing. For being such a caring character throughout the novel, Atticus gets treated with no respect. The reason for this is because Atticus is the lawyer for Tom Robinson. Being a time and age where African Americans were used as slaves and treated poorly, no one thought much of Atticus at the time. He was referred to as a â€Å"Nigger Lover â€Å"in the community. Scout, said Atticus, nigger-lover is just one of those terms that dont mean anything – like snot-nose. Its hard to explain – ignorant, trashy people use it when they think somebodys favoring Negroes over and above themselves. (11. 107-109) Its slipped into usage with some people like ourselves, when they want a common, ugly term to label somebody. What no one seemed to notice is that Atticus was only standing up for an innocent man. Everyone in the community knows what a good man Atticus is but his actions and social standing overthrew his character. The type of message Harper Lee is trying to illustrate is that, no matter how many good things you do to show your true character, may not be seen as good through the eyes of others. In conclusion, Harper Lee shows that character is not determined by race or social standing in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird. Atticus, Boo Radely and Tom Robinson are proven to have a different â€Å"Character â€Å"than what people believe, based on their race and social standing.